Your large intestine is a vital organ involved in your digestive system. It has a complex structure which is specifically adapted to be efficient at absorption of water and other nutrients. Lining the entire large intestine is a layer of smooth muscle. This muscle functions to aid in the movement of food as it is being processed through your large intestine. As people age, it is common for the inner lining of your large intestine to become weak. sack like pouches will often form in the muscular layer of your large intestine. These facts are known as diverticula. The medical condition of having diverticula is known as diverticulosis. From time to time, these diverticula can become infected, at which point the condition is now referred to as diverticulitis.
Diverticulosis is extremely common, being found in approximately 40% of people over the age of 50. The incidence increases as a person gets older, with people over the age of 80 being almost certain to have at least a small number of diverticula. Both men and women are effected equally by diverticulosis and diverticulitis.
The causes and diverticulosis are not well understood, however some risk factors have been identified. Low fiber diets have been associated with the development of diverticulosis. Lack of fiber bulk in your diet can cause spasms of the colon which lead to increased pressure in the colon. This increased pressure will cause the lining of the colon to push outward forming the pouches known as diverticula.
Age is also a risk factor for the development of diverticulosis. There is some association with obesity and the development of diverticulosis as well. in the past, people with diverticular disease have been told not to eat seeds and nuts. This advice was given on the notion that these hard small foods could become lodged in a diverticula, causing an obstruction or infection. Interestingly, studies have not shown any increased risk of developing complications from eating seeds are nuts in combination with diverticular disease.
Most people with diverticulosis will experience no symptoms, especially early in the process. Constipation is an early symptom experienced by some people. Cramping and tenderness of the abdomen is common in people who experience symptoms. In some cases a person might pass a small amount of blood in their stool.
Approximately 15 to 20% of people with diverticulosis will eventually suffer an infection of the diverticula. This condition is known as diverticulitis.
Symptoms of diverticulitis include; severe pain in the abdomen, typically on the lower left side. Fever, nausea, and vomiting are frequent symptoms as well. A person with diverticulitis may experience constipation and diarrhea. In about half of all cases of diverticulitis, it is possible to see some amount of blood in your stool.
Treatment
Diverticulosis is typically a benign disorder. In many cases treatment is aimed at relieving the few symptoms which may be present. Adding extra fiber to your diet is a good way to limit the effects of diverticulosis. Stool softeners can be prescribed to relieve any constipation related to this condition.
Diverticulitis is a more serious condition which often requires more aggressive treatment. Approximately 75% of people with diverticulitis are able to be treated with simple medical interventions. The remaining 25% may require surgery to correct the problem.
Mild cases of diverticulitis can often be treated at home. A person with an infected diverticula is asked to go on a clear liquid diet, and is given antibiotics to control the infection. in more severe cases, a person may be admitted to the hospital. During this time, a person will not be allowed to eat solid food. Stronger antibiotics given through an intravenous line are provided. Once the signs of infection have resolved, a person may resume a normal diet.
If you have diverticulosis or have had diverticulitis in the past, be sure to follow up as often as necessary with your doctor. In addition, if you see any blood in your stool, or experience severe abdominal pain, fever, or vomiting, contact your doctor immediately. Although these symptoms are not specific to diverticulitis, they are worrisome no matter what the cause may be.
