Born in 1870, in Sibrsk, Vladimir Ilich Oulianoff, known as Lenin, studied in the high school of Sibirsk. In 1891, he acquired the degree of law and began to work as assistant lawyer in Samara. There, he organized a Marxist circle, he developed contact with the revolutionary youth of other cities and began his author’s work. In 1893 we moved to St. Petersburg, where with he worked as an assistant lawyer in order to cover his revolutionary action. His steadfast faith in the victory of working class, his broad knowledge, the deep comprehension of Marxism and his ability to apply Marxism for the solution of vital questions that concerned popular masses, ensured Lenin the respect of the Marxists of St. Petersburg, who recognized him as their leader.
After coming in contact with executives of the international working movement abroad, Lenin returned to St. Petersburg. Despite the arrests and the exiles that were imposed to him by the Czarist regime, Lenin managed to organize the Social-democratic Working Party of Russia (SDEKR). In 1900, he began the publication of the newspaper “Iskra” from abroad, with which he guided the working class in Russia and anticipated the opportunistic opinions of the Mensheviks. After the failure of the Revolution 1905-1907, he returned abroad. Being influenced from the defeat of the revolutionary forces, Lenin analyzed the reasons and intensified the ideological juxtaposition against the forces of compromise. He organized the international Communistic movement, uncovered the social-sovinism of the leaders of B Directorate-General in regards to the First World War and on November 7, 1917, he declared the transfer of all power in the Soviet Union.
The role of Lenin in the predominance of Bolsheviks in the October Revolution in 1917 was so important, that many considered him the major engineer of planning of Revolution in the History. But also, as a founder of the Soviet state in the first phase after the Revolution, that was exceptionally difficult, Lenin also played fundamental role. In the years that followed (1919-22), Lenin was the leader in the victorious fight of the new regime against the foreign interventions and the internal counterrevolution. At the same time, Lenin, being concerned with the big problem of economy, applied a new financial policy, which could face the enormous economic problems of the 1920s in the Soviet Union. From 1917 until 1923, he directed the fight of Communistic Party and popular masses of Russia for the realization of the dictatorship of proletarians and the construction of socialism. On January 21, 1924, Lenin died in the age of 53.
The vital role of Lenin in the development of contemporary world history is not limited only in his political action. Of major importance are also his theoretical texts that founded the bases of revolutionary Communistic Marxism. Lenin raised the revolutionary theory in new, superior level and enriched Marxism with scientific discoveries of global importance. Lenin developed all the essential elements of Marxism, namely the philosophy, the political economy and the scientific Communism. After he summarized the doctrines of the Marxist philosophy and the achievements of science, particularly the physics, he developed even more the theory of argumentative materialism, in the end of the 19th century. He gave width in the significance of matter, determining it as an objective reality that exists outside the human conscience and he processed the basic problems of the theory of knowledge and the theory for the reflection of objective world on the human conscience.
Lenin was the first thinker of our century, who saw in the achievements of the natural science of his era the beginning of a big scientific revolution, and who distinguished and stressed the revolutionary importance of big discoveries drawing from them philosophical conclusions. His perception for the inexhaustible of the substance became the beginning of scientific knowledge.
