Zoloft is also known by its generic name of sertraline. It is a medication used for the treatment of depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder. In addition, it is often prescribed for generalized anxiety disorder and some eating related problems, although it is not officially indicated for these.
Zoloft belongs to a group of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs. These medications can be very effective for their approved uses, but they also have a reasonable variety of side effects. Some of these effects can be quite serious, and as such, care must be taken in their use.
Zoloft, along with all SSRIs, were recently given the strongest warning labeling possible by the FDA. Known as a “black box” warning, this directive instructed manufacturers of Zoloft and other SSRIs to include a strong warning regarding the risk of suicide in children and adolescents who use Zoloft.
Studies looking at Zoloft use in children and adolescents under the age of 24 showed an increased risk of suicide, especially in the first few months of therapy. People taking Zoloft who are in this age group should be monitored very carefully for any changes in behavior which may be seen as potentially dangerous.
In addition, care must be taken to give a person the lowest possible dose that is consistent with quality patient care. Although I find this guideline the odd as that is a good rule to follow for all medications, not just Zoloft and SSRIs.
In addition to the increased risk of suicidal thinking, there are several less dangerous side effects associated with Zoloft use.
Zoloft can act as a mild sedative, making you sleepy. It can also make a person lightheaded and possibly cause blurry vision. Because of these effects, caution should be used when driving or operating machinery while taking Zoloft.
Some people will get headaches from Zoloft. It can also cause nausea and vomiting in some cases. Diarrhea has been reported in a small number of people as well. Dry mouth is a reported side effect.
Zoloft can also cause changes to a person’s sex drive. Both the ability to perform, and the desire for sex can be reduced. This effect is seen with all SSRIs, not just Zoloft.
There have been some reports of people being more susceptible to sunburns while using Zoloft. Care should be taken to avoid using sunlamps or tanning beds. Proper sun protection should be used if you are planning direct sunlight exposure.
Women who are pregnant or think they may be pregnant should probably not take Zoloft. The precise effects of Zoloft on a fetus are not well understood as there is little formal data on this issue. In the interest of caution, it is generally advised to limit or eliminate Zoloft use in pregnancy.
Alcohol should be avoided with Zoloft use. Both alcohol and Zoloft serve to depress the central nervous system. When used together the sedative effects can become quite severe.
Caution should be used when taking Zoloft in combination with aspirin or NSAIDs, such as Motrin or Advil. These medications can affect the ability of your blood to clot properly, increasing your risk of bleeding.
Zoloft should not be taken in combination with another class of antidepressants known as MAO inhibitors. When used in combination, there is the potential for severe, potentially life-threatening reactions.
Finally, there is one other set of symptoms which must be watched for it during the use of any SSRI, including Zoloft. This syndrome is known as serotonin syndrome. This is a set of symptoms which can appear when the serotonin hormone levels in your body are severely disrupted. Serotonin syndrome is a medical emergency and must be treated promptly. Fortunately it is somewhat rare. It is more common with overdoses, or in the first week of treatment. It also has an increased incidence when a person is taking more than one SSRI at the same time.
Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include: sweating, increased heart rate, increased temperature, elevated blood pressure, vomiting and diarrhea. Agitation, anxiety, restlessness, and disorientation are also seen. Some people will also get a tremor and muscle rigidity. If you are taking Zoloft and experience any of these symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.
Zoloft can be a very effective medication used in the treatment of disorders it is approved for. It can only be given by prescription from your doctor. If you have any questions regarding the use of Zoloft, or its potential side effects, speak with your doctor.
