1. equivalent ratio) Ratios that name the same comparison
2. proportion) An equation that states that two rations are equivalent
3. ratio) a comparison of two quantities by division
4. unit price) a unit rate used to compare prices
5. unit rate) a rate in which the second quantity in the comparison is one unit
6. rate) a ratio that compares two quantities measured in different units
7. conversion factor) A fraction whose numerator and denominator represent the same quantity but use different units; the fraction is equal to 1 because the numerator and denominator are equal
8. cross product) the product of numbers on the diagonal when comparing two ratios
9. center) the point of intersection of lines from all the angles in a dilation
10. dilation) a transformation that enlarges or reduces a figure
11. scale factor) the ration used to enlarge or reduce similar figures
12. similar) figures with the same shape but not necessarily the same size are similar
13. enlargement) an increase in size of all dimensions in the same proportions
14. reduction) a decrease in size of all dimensions
15. scale) the ration between two sets of measurements
16. scale drawing) a drawing that uses a scale to make an object smaller that or larger that the real object
17. scale model) a proportional model of a three-dimensional object
18. capacity) the amount a container can hold when filled
19. percent) a ratio comparing a number to 100
20. percent change) the amount stated as a percent that a number increases or decreases
21. percent increase) a percent change describing an increase in a quantity
22. percent decrease) a percent change describing a decrease in a quantity
23. compatible numbers) numbers that are close to the given numbers that make estimation or mental calculation easier
24. estimate) to find an answer close to the exact answer by rounding or other methods
25. commission) a fee paid to a person for making a sale
26. commission rate) the fee paid to a person who makes a sale expressed as a percent of the selling price
27. sales tax) a percent of the cost of an item, which is charged by governments to raise money
28. withholding tax) a deduction from earnings as an advance payment of income tax
29. interest) the amount of money charged for borrowing or using money
30. principal) the initial amount of money borrowed or saved
31. rate of interest) the percent charged or earned on an amount of money
32. simple interest) a fixed percent of the principal. It is found using the formula I=Prt where P represents the principal, r the rate of interest, and t the time
33. certain) sure to happen; having a probability of 1
34. event) an outcome or set of outcomes of an experiment or situation
35. experiment) a probability, any activity based of chance (such as tossing a coin)
36. impossible) can never happen: having a probability of 0
37. outcome) a possible result of a probability experiment
38. probability) a number from 0 to 1 (or 0% to 100%) that describes how likely an event is to occur
39. sample space) all possible outcomes of an experiment
40. trial) in probability, a single repetition or observation of an experiment
41. experimental probability) the ratio of the number of times an event occurs to the total number of trials, or times that the activity is performed
42. simulations) a model of an experiment, often one that would be too difficult or too time-consuming to actually perform
43. random numbers) in a set of random numbers, each number has an equal chance of being selected
44. equally likely outcomes) outcomes that have the same probability
45. fair) when all outcomes of an experiment are equally likely, the experiment is said to be fair
46. mutually exclusive) two events are mutually exclusive if they cannot occur in the same trial of an experiment
47. theoretical probability) the ratio of the number of equally likely outcomes in an event to the total number of possible outcomes
48. Fundamental Counting Principle) if one event has mpossible outcomes and a second event has npossible outcomes after the first event has occurred, then there are m*ntotal possible outcomes for the two events
49. tree diagram) a branching diagram that shows all possible combinations or outcomes of an event
50. combination) an arrangement of items or events in which order does not matter
51. factorial) the product of all whole numbers except zero that are less than or equal to a number
52. permutation) an arrangement of items or events in which order is important
53. dependant events) events for which the outcome of the first event affects the outcome of the second event
54. independent events) events for which the outcome of one event does not affect the probability of the other
55. odds against) the ratio of the number of unfavorable outcomes to the number of favorable outcomes
56. odds in favor) the ratio of the number of favorable outcomes to the number of unfavorable outcomes
57. Area) The number of square units needed to cover a given surface.
58. Perimeter) The distance around a polygon
59. hypotenuse) in an right triangle, the side opposite the right angle
60. Leg) in a right triangle, the sides that include the right angle; in an isosceles triangle, the pair of congruent sides.
61. Pythagorean Theorem) in a right triangle, the square of the length of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the lengths of the legs.
62. Circle) the set of all points in a plane that are the same distance from a given point called the center.
63. Circumference) the distance around a circle
64. Diameter) a line segment that passes through the center of a circle and has endpoints of the circle, or the length of that segment.
65. Radius) a line segment with one endpoint at the center of a circle and that other endpoint of the circle, or the length of that segment.
66. Edge) the line segment along which two faces of a polyhedron intersect
67. Face) a flat surface of a polyhedron
68. Horizon line) a line that represents the viewer’s eye level
69. Perspective) a technique used to make three-dimensional objects appear to have depth and distance on a flat surface
70. Vanishing point) in a perspective drawing, a point where lines running away from the view meet.
71. Vertex) on an angle or polygon, the point where two sides intersect; on a polyhedron, the intersection of three or more faces; on a cone or pyramid, the top point.
72. Prism) a polyhedron that has two congruent, polygon-shaped bases and other faces that are all parallelograms.
73. Cylinder) a three-dimensional figure with two parallel, congruent circular basses connected by a curved lateral surface.
74. Cone) a three-dimensional figure with one vertex and one circular base.
75. Pyramid) a polyhedron with a polygon base and triangular sides that all meet at a common vertex.
76. Lateral face) in a prism or a pyramid, a face that is not a base
77. Lateral surface) in a cylinder, the curved surface connecting the circular bases; in a cone, the curved surface that is not a base
78. Surface area) the sum of the areas of the faces, or surfaces, of a three-dimensional figure
79. Regular pyramid) a pyramid whose base is a regular polygon and whose lateral faces are all congruent
80. Right cone) a cone in which a line drawn from the base to the tip (vertex) passes through the center off the base
81. Slant height) the distance from the base of a cone or pyramid to its vertex, measured along the lateral surface.
82. Great circle) a circle on a sphere such that the plane containing the circle passes through the center of the sphere
83. Hemisphere) a half of a sphere
84. Sphere) a three-dimensional figure with all points the same distance from the center
