Jean Piaget, born in 1896 was a biologist but moved into the study of children’s development by observing, talking and listening to them while they worked on exercises he set them.
Through his observations, Piaget developed his idea of stages of cognitive development which have made a lasting contribution to psychology.
Piaget saw the child as an active participant in the development of knowledge constructing his or her own understanding. The child, he argued, tries to make sense of the world around him and this is known as the process of adaptation.
Before Piaget, there was no body of theory on how intelligence develops through childhood and into adulthood.
Piaget’s Developmental Model
Piaget’s developmental model for children involves schemes (i.e. “concepts”) or the action of categorizing. A baby begins life with a small number of sensory or motor schemes. As a child interacts within the world, they acquire more experiences and these schemes are modified as they make sense of new experiences.
Later, the toddler develops “mental” schemas and this shift is through the process of assimilation (absorbing some event or experience to some schema), accommodation (changing the schema as a result of new information) and equilibration where balance is achieved.
Piaget was one of the first psychologists to apply scientific method to his work, carrying out experiments based on measurable criteria. Freud and others who came before him relied on case studies.
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Piaget’s theory of the way a child’s thinking develops consists of four stages: the sensorimotor stage, pre-operational, concrete operational and formal operational. His theory still greatly influences behavioural psychologists and educationalists today.
Piaget’s theory of how children’s minds work and develop has been an enormous contribution in developmental psychology.
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